Battery arung arai ni a bungli galaw ai lam gaw n-gun n-gun n-gun, cycle life, n-gun shinggyin ai arung arai ni a shim lum lam ni hpe hkrak dawdan ya ai. Shanhte a hkrang shapraw npawt tara ni gaw, arung arai hpaji, electrochemistry, hte computational hpaji ni hpe hpaji amyu myu sawk sagawn ai lam ni hpe hpawng de ya ai. Dai ni na aten na battery arung arai ni hpe hkrang shapraw ai lam a madung gaw, electronic hkrang hpe grau kaja hkra galaw ai, ion htaw sa ai lam hpe grau kaja hkra galaw ai, atomic-madang hku nna n-gun rawng ai lam hpe grau kaja hkra galaw ai hta rai nga ai.
Electronic hku yu yang, electrode arung arai ni a band structure gaw shanhte a redox shamu shamawt lam hpe dawdan ya ai. Ga shadawn, galai shai ai nlung oxide ni (LiCoO2 zawn re ai ni) gaw d-orbital electron ni hpe lu la ai hte sum ai hku nna lithium ion hpe bang nna shaw la lu ai. Hpa majaw nga yang, n-gun ja ai cathode arung arai ni hpe hkrang shapraw na matu, galai shai ai nlung ni a valence masa hte coordination makau grup yin hpe galai shai ra ai. Conductive additives (carbon nanotubes zawn re ai) ni hpe bang ai gaw, masum-madung electron htaw sa ai lam hpe gawgap lu nna, n-gup magap lapran na ninghkap ai lam hpe shayawm ya lu ai. Ion htawt sit ai lam hte seng nna, ngang kang ai-state electrolyte arung arai ni (sulfide Li6PS5Cl zawn re ai ni) gaw ion lam ni hpe jat wa na matu lattice parameters ni hpe grau kaja hkra galaw nna, lithium ion htawt sit ai jahpan hpe 0.9 jan de jat wa shangun ai.
Arung arai ni hpe hkrang shapraw ai lam mung ahkyak ai. Nanoscaling ladat ni (silicon anode a n-gun hpe 100nm a lawu de shayawm kau ai zawn re ai) gaw charge hte discharge galaw ai aten hta volume jat wa ai hpe shayawm ya lu ai. Porous hkrang masa (porous carbon arung arai ni zawn re ai ni) gaw, laksan npu lamu ga hpe jat ya ai hku nna, electrolyte hpe hka ja ai lam hpe jat ya ai. Computer arung arai hpaji hta rawt jat wa ai majaw, rational design galaw ai lam hpe grau lawan shangun nga ai. Density functional theory (DFT) hpe madung tawn nna, shawng nnan-npawt tara masa ni hpe sawn la ai shaloi, arung arai ni a thermodynamic stability hte ion diffusion pat shingdang ai lam ni hpe tau hkrau tsun dan lu ai, shing nrai, jak hpaji hkrang ni gaw, byin mai ai arung arai masa ni hpe lawan ladan jep joi lu ai.
Htawm hpang na battery arung arai hkrang shapraw ai lam hta, multi-scale jawm galaw ai lam hpe ahkyak shatai nna, atom lajang ai lam, crystal hkrang masa, hte macroscopic hkrang masa ngu ai masa masum hta matut mahkai ai lam hpe gawgap na re. In situ characterization ladat ni hte hpawn, ndai ladat ni gaw charge hte discharge galaw ai aten hta structural evolution hpe aten dep hkan tam na rai nna, hpang jahtum e, n-gun ja ai-battery arung arai ni hpe hkrak hkrak galaw lu na re.