Dai ni na aten na n-gun hpe mahkawng da ai hte jaw ya ai lam a madung daw langai hku nna, battery pack ni gaw, electrochemistry, electronic hkang ai lam, nbung hpe hkang ai lam ni lawm ai hpaji amyu myu hpe hpawng de nna bungli galaw nga ai. Shanhte a madung bungli gaw, chemical n-gun hpe wan n-gun de galai shai ya nna, hkrang shapraw ai hku nna ngang grin ai pru wa ai lam hpe lu la na matu re. Dai ni hpe wan jak mawdaw ni, n-gun n-gun hpe mahkawng da ai wan jak ni, htaw mai ai electronic jak ni hta grai lang ma ai.
Structur hku yu yang, battery pack langai hta, n bung ai voltage hte capacity ra kadawn ai lam ni hpe hkap la lu na matu, series (sh) parallel hku matut da ai cell law law lawm ai. Charge hte discharge galaw ai aten hta, cell langai hpra gaw kata na redox reaction hpe hkrum sha nga ai: discharge galaw ai aten hta, negative electrode gaw electron ni hpe shapraw nna, positive electrode gaw dai ni hpe hkap la ai majaw, wan n-gun pru wa ai. Charge galaw ai shaloi, nhtang wa ai lam byin wa nna, shinggan na power source gaw electron ni hpe bai nhtang shachyut nna battery a active materials ni hpe bai gram lajang ya ai. Ndai ladat gaw ion ni hpe woi sa na matu electrolyte hpe kam hpa nna, separator gaw kaja ai hte n kaja ai electrode lapran na short circuit ni hpe pat shingdang ya ai.
Battery pack langai a madung gaw, shi a battery hparan ai ladat (BMS) hta nga ai, dai gaw, cell langai hpra hpe shim lum ai shara kata hta bungli galaw lu hkra, sensor ni hpe lang nna, voltage, current, temperature zawn re ai parameter ni hpe aten dep yu maram ai. BMS gaw cell langai hpra a charge hpe dynamically balance galaw nna, grai n-gun ja ai, grai n-gun n-ja ai, shing nrai, shara langai ngai hta grai katsi ai hpe pat shingdang ya ai majaw, asak yawng hpe galu shangun ai. Dai hta n-ga, thermal management system gaw nbung (sh) ntsin hpe katsi shangun ai hku nna nbung katsi ai hpe hkang lu ai majaw, bungli galaw ai lam hpe hkra machyi shangun ai (sh) nbung katsi ai majaw shim lum lam hpe hkra machyi shangun ai.
N-gun galai shai ai aten hta, battery pack gaw DC power hpe shapraw nna, n-gun hpe hkrak shalai ya ai (sh) inverter hku nna grid a matu AC power de galai shai ya ai. Renewable energy system ni a matu, battery pack gaw n-gun grau law ai hpe mung shinggyin la lu nna, ra kadawn ai aten hta shapraw kau lu ai majaw, n-gun atsam hpe grau kaja hkra galaw lu ai.
Hpaji masa rawt jat wa ai hte maren, solid-state battery hte lithium-sulfur battery zawn re ai system nnan ni gaw n-gun atsam hte shim lum lam hpe loi loi hte shatsaw ya nga ai, battery jak ni hpe grau kaja ai bungli galaw lu ai atsam hte grau hpaji rawng ai de woi sa wa ai majaw, htawm hpang na n-gun atsam network ni a matu ahkyak ai npawt nhpang langai byin tai wa sai.